5,830 research outputs found
Novel Lifshitz point for chiral transition in the magnetic field
Based on the generalized Ginzburg-Landau theory, chiral phase transition is
discussed in the presence of magnetic field. Considering the chiral density
wave we show chiral anomaly gives rise to an inhomogeneous chiral phase for
nonzero quark-number chemical potential. Novel Lifshitz point appears on the
vanishing chemical potential line, which may be directly explored by the
lattice QCD simulation.Comment: 4pages,2figure
Factors Associated with Choking During Meals; a Risk Indicator for Repetitive Fevers in the Elderly Community
Background: Choking during meals is a common symptom in the elderly, however the factors associated with it have not been fully clarified. In this study, we examined the factors associated with choking during meals. Methods: The oral health status and practices that promote oral health conditions was surveyed in 1305 community dwelling elderly using a self-administered questionnaire. Eight items including satisfaction with their oral condition, denture fit, chewing ability, tooth brushing frequency, dental visits, exercises to train muscles for chewing and swallowing, choking during meals, and repetitive fever were selected for analysis. Results: 25.1% of the subjects experienced choking during meals, which was significantly associated with repetitive fever occurrence. Differences in satisfaction levels with their oral condition, denture fit, chewing ability, and tooth brushing frequency were observed between groups with and without choking. Age, satisfaction level, and chewing ability were significantly associated with choking during meals. Conclusions: This study demonstrated that choking during meals is a risk indicator for repetitive fever in the elderly living in community settings. Poor chewing ability and dissatisfaction with their oral condition were risk factors associated with choking. These results suggest that training the elderly to eat efficiently and safely and improving oral conditions is necessary for those who suffer from choking during meals to prevent repetitive fever.  
Magnetic ordering and fluctuation in kagome lattice antiferromagnets, Fe and Cr jarosites
Jarosite family compounds, KFe_3(OH)_6(SO_4)_2, (abbreviate Fe jarosite), and
KCr_3(OH)_6(SO_4)_2, (Cr jarosite), are typical examples of the Heisenberg
antiferromagnet on the kagome lattice and have been investigated by means of
magnetization and NMR experiments. The susceptibility of Cr jarosite deviates
from Curie-Weiss law due to the short-range spin correlation below about 150 K
and shows the magnetic transition at 4.2 K, while Fe jarosite has the
transition at 65 K. The susceptibility data fit well with the calculated one on
the high temperature expansion for the Heisenberg antiferromagnet on the kagome
lattice. The values of exchange interaction of Cr jarosite and Fe jarosite are
derived to be J_Cr = 4.9 K and J_Fe = 23 K, respectively. The 1H-NMR spectra of
Fe jarosite suggest that the ordered spin structure is the q = 0 type with
positive chirality of the 120 degrees configuration. The transition is caused
by a weak single-ion type anisotropy. The spin-lattice relaxation rate, 1/T_1,
of Fe jarosite in the ordered phase decreases sharply with lowering the
temperature and can be well explained by the two-magnon process of spin wave
with the anisotropy.Comment: REVTeX, 14 pages with 5 figures. Submitted to Canadian Journal of
Physic
Haldane Gap and Hidden Order in the S=2 Antiferromagnetic Quantum Spin Chain
We have investigated Haldane's conjecture for the S=2 isotropic
antiferromagnetic quantum spin chain with nearest-neighbor exchange J. Using a
density matrix renormalization group algorithm for chains up to L=350 spins, we
find in the thermodynamic limit a finite spin gap of Delta = 0.085(5)J and a
finite spin-spin correlation length xi = 49(1) lattice spacings. We establish
the ground state energy per bond to be E_0=-4.761248(1)J. We show that the
ground state has a hidden topological order that is revealed in a nonlocal
string correlation function. This means that the physics of the S=2 chain can
be captured by a valence-bond solid description. We also observe effective free
spin-1 states at the ends of an open S=2 chain.Comment: 6 pages, LaTeX 2.09, 3 PostScript figure
Conductivity of a graphene strip: width and gate-voltage dependencies
We study the conductivity of a graphene strip taking into account
electrostatically-induced charge accumulation on its edges. Using a local
dependency of the conductivity on the carrier concentration we find that the
electrostatic size effect in doped graphene strip of the width of 0.5 - 3 m can result in a significant (about 40%) enhancement of the effective
conductivity in comparison to the infinitely wide samples. This effect should
be taken into account both in the device simulation as well as for verification
of scattering mechanisms in graphene.Comment: 3 pages, 4 figure
Direct observation of the effective bending moduli of a fluid membrane: Free-energy cost due to the reference-plane deformations
Effective bending moduli of a fluid membrane are investigated by means of the
transfer-matrix method developed in our preceding paper. This method allows us
to survey various statistical measures for the partition sum. The role of the
statistical measures is arousing much attention, since Pinnow and Helfrich
claimed that under a suitable statistical measure, that is, the local mean
curvature, the fluid membranes are stiffened, rather than softened, by thermal
undulations. In this paper, we propose an efficient method to observe the
effective bending moduli directly: We subjected a fluid membrane to a curved
reference plane, and from the free-energy cost due to the reference-plane
deformations, we read off the effective bending moduli. Accepting the
mean-curvature measure, we found that the effective bending rigidity gains even
in the case of very flexible membrane (small bare rigidity); it has been rather
controversial that for such non-perturbative regime, the analytical prediction
does apply. We also incorporate the Gaussian-curvature modulus, and calculated
its effective rigidity. Thereby, we found that the effective Gaussian-curvature
modulus stays almost scale-invariant. All these features are contrasted with
the results under the normal-displacement measure
Role of Water Film in Weathering of Porous Rhyolite under Water Unsaturated Condition
AbstractTo study weathering behavior under water-unsaturated conditions, flow-through dissolution experiments using a porous rhyolite were performed under both saturated and unsaturated conditions. When water was passed into a dried rock core, water saturation rapidly increased to 0.3 in 2hours, and then reached 0.4 in 6 days. The proportion of the reactive surface area under the unsaturated condition to that under the saturated condition, Auns/As, was 0.46 after 1 day and increased to 0.90 in 6 days. Because Auns/As was always greater than water saturation, the surfaces of air- filled pores seemed to be wetted with a water film and dissolved. The water film thickness was estimated to be 2–3nm. The reason for Auns/As < 1 may be that the flushing efficiency of dissolved elements in the water film was not enough to keep the concentration far from equilibrium, and thereby the dissolution rate in the water film was decreased
Can the frequency-dependent specific heat be measured by thermal effusion methods?
It has recently been shown that plane-plate heat effusion methods devised for
wide-frequency specific-heat spectroscopy do not give the isobaric specific
heat, but rather the so-called longitudinal specific heat. Here it is shown
that heat effusion in a spherical symmetric geometry also involves the
longitudinal specific heat.Comment: Paper presented at the Fifth International Workshop on Complex
Systems (Sendai, September, 2007), to appear in AIP Conference Proceeding
Fluctuation effects in the theory of microphase separation of diblock copolymers in the presence of an electric field
We generalize the Fredrickson-Helfand theory of the microphase separation in
symmetric diblock copolymer melts by taking into account the influence of a
time-independent homogeneous electric field on the composition fluctuations
within the self-consistent Hartree approximation. We predict that electric
fields suppress composition fluctuations, and consequently weaken the
first-order transition. In the presence of an electric field the critical
temperature of the order-disorder transition is shifted towards its mean-field
value. The collective structure factor in the disordered phase becomes
anisotropic in the presence of the electric field. Fluctuational modulations of
the order parameter along the field direction are strongest suppressed. The
latter is in accordance with the parallel orientation of the lamellae in the
ordered state.Comment: 16 page
Points of Low Height on Elliptic Curves and Surfaces, I: Elliptic surfaces over P^1 with small d
For each of n=1,2,3 we find the minimal height h^(P) of a nontorsion point P
of an elliptic curve E over C(T) of discriminant degree d=12n (equivalently, of
arithmetic genus n), and exhibit all (E,P) attaining this minimum. The minimal
h^(P) was known to equal 1/30 for n=1 (Oguiso-Shioda) and 11/420 for n=2
(Nishiyama), but the formulas for the general (E,P) were not known, nor was the
fact that these are also the minima for an elliptic curve of discriminant
degree 12n over a function field of any genus. For n=3 both the minimal height
(23/840) and the explicit curves are new. These (E,P) also have the property
that that mP is an integral point (a point of naive height zero) for each
m=1,2,...,M, where M=6,8,9 for n=1,2,3; this, too, is maximal in each of the
three cases.Comment: 15 pages; some lines in the TeX source are commented out with "%" to
meet the 15-page limit for ANTS proceeding
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